RLC circuits

Our communicate elements: - What is an RLC Circuit, Types of RLC Circuits, Applications of RLC Circuits, What is a Series RLC Circuit, SERIES RLC CIRCUIT EQUATION, Applications of Series RLC Circuits, What is a Parallel RLC Circuit, Applications of Parallel RLC Circuits, Series vs Parallel RLC Circuits 

What is an RLC Circuit: -

An RLC circuit is an electrical circuit that includes a resistor (R), an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C) connected in series or parallel. The circuit may be powered with the aid of either an alternating cutting-edge (AC) or direct cutting-edge (DC) supply.

• R (Resistor): Limits the drift of modern-day.
• L (Inductor): Stores energy in a magnetic discipline whilst cutting-edge flows.
• C (Capacitor): Stores electricity in an electric-powered subject.

Types of RLC Circuits: -

There are two primary configurations of RLC circuits:

1. Series RLC Circuit

In this kind, the resistor, inductor, and capacitor are related end-to-end to a single loop.

Key Features:

• The same current flows through all factors.
• Total voltage is the sum of voltages across R, L, and C.
• The impedance depends on frequency.

2. Parallel RLC Circuit

Here, R, L, and C are related in parallel throughout the identical voltage supply.

Key Features:

• Voltage across all elements is equal.
• The overall modern-day is the sum of the currents via R, L, and C.
• Used in tuning and filtering packages.

Applications of RLC Circuits: -

RLC circuits are utilised in a wide range of electronic and electrical packages:

• Radio Tuning Circuits – To choose a particular frequency.

• Oscillators – For producing AC signals.

• Filter Circuits – For audio and communication programmes.

• Surge Protection Devices – To soak up temporary voltages.

• Electric Power Systems – For energy component correction and balance.

• Signal Processing – In analogue circuits, to form a waveform and eliminate noise.

Series RLC Circuit: -

What is a Series RLC Circuit: -

A Series RLC circuit is a form of electric circuit in which a resistor (R), an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C) are related in series with each other, and a voltage source is applied throughout the combination.

SERIES RLC CIRCUIT

The series RLC circuit above has a single loop with the instantaneous current flowing through the loop being identical for every circuit element. Since the inductive and capacitive reactances XL and XC are a feature of the supply frequency, the sinusoidal response of a series RLC circuit will therefore vary with frequency, ƒ. Then the individual voltage drops across every circuit element of R, L, and C elements can be “out-of-phase” with each other, as defined by using:

i(t) = Imax sin(ωt)

  The instantaneous voltage throughout a natural resistor, VR, is “in-phase” with modern-day

  The on-the-spot voltage throughout a natural inductor, VL, “leads” the modern by using 90°

  The immediate voltage across a pure capacitor, VC, lags the modern via 90°

  Therefore, VL and VC are 180° "out-of-phase" and in competition with each other.

The amplitude of the supply voltage throughout all three additives in a chain RLC circuit is made from the three person thing voltages, VR, VL, and VC, with the cutting edge not unusual to all 3 additives. The vector diagrams will consequently have the contemporary vector as their reference, with the three voltage vectors being plotted for this reference as shown underneath.

   

SERIES RLC CIRCUIT EQUATION: -                  

 V_S = V_R + V_L + V_C

Applications of Series RLC Circuits: -

Series RLC circuits are extensively used in:

• Radio and TV Tuners – To choose a selected frequency.
• Resonant Filters – For band-bypass or band-prevent operations.
• Oscillators – For generating waveforms in electronics.
• Impedance Matching – In verbal exchange strains.
• Power Supply Systems – For ripple filtering.

Parallel RLC Circuit: -

What is a Parallel RLC Circuit: -

A parallel RLC circuit is a type of AC circuit in which a resistor (R), an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C) are connected in parallel, and a voltage supply is applied across them.

In the above parallel RLC circuit, we will see that the supply voltage, VS, is not unusual to all three additives, whilst the supply cutting-edge IS includes three components. The contemporary flowing through the resistor, IR, the contemporary flowing through the inductor, IL, and the current through the capacitor, IC.
But the contemporary flow via each branch and consequently each component can be one of a kind to each different and additionally to the supply present day, IS. The total current drawn from the delivery will no longer be the mathematical sum of the 3 individual department currents but their vector sum.
Like the collection RLC circuit, we can remedy this circuit with the usage of the phasor or vector technique, but this time the vector diagram can have the voltage as its reference, with the three cutting-edge vectors plotted with respect to the voltage. The phasor diagram for a parallel RLC circuit is produced by way of combining the 3 person phasors for everything and including the currents vectorially.
Since the voltage throughout the circuit is commonplace to all three circuit factors, we will use this as the reference vector with the 3 modern-day vectors drawn relative to this at their corresponding angles. The resulting vector of modern-day IS is obtained by adding together the vectors IL and IC, after which this sum is added to the closing vector IR. The resulting attitude acquired among V and IS might be the circuit section attitude.

Applications of Parallel RLC Circuits: -

Parallel RLC circuits are extensively utilised in:

• Radio Receivers – Tuning and Sign Choice.
• Band-Stop Filters – Blocking unwanted frequencies (e.g., 60 Hz hum).
• Oscillators – Frequency era.
• Power Factor Correction – In AC energy systems.
• Signal Processing – In amplifiers and equalisers.

Series vs Parallel RLC Circuits: -

Feature	Series RLC	Parallel RLC
Voltage	Divided across elements	Same across all elements
Current	Same through all elements	Divided among elements
Resonance	Maximum current	Minimum current
Impedance at Resonance	Minimum	Maximum
Use as a Filter	Band-pass	Band-stop

Conclusion: -

RLC circuits play a vital role in the world of electronics and communication. Their potential to respond differently to diverse frequencies makes them essential in filtering, signal processing, and frequency selection programs. A deep knowledge of their behaviour below exceptional configurations allows for designing efficient and reliable electronic circuits.